2 ?Was Muhammad The Author of The Quran

How About Tawrah and Injil (Bible)?

This matter is different with tawrah and injil. Allah gave guarantee of preservation to the two Books. However, Allah gave them up to the priests to guard them. Allah has said:

إِنَّا أَنْزَلْنَا التَّوْرَاةَ فِيهَا هُدًى وَنُورٌ يَحْكُمُ بِهَا النَّبِيُّونَ الَّذِينَ أَسْلَمُوا لِلَّذِينَ هَادُوا وَالرَّبَّانِيُّونَ وَالْأَحْبَارُ بِمَا اسْتُحْفِظُوا مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَكَانُوا عَلَيْهِ شُهَدَاءَ

“Verily, We did send down the Tawrah, therein was guidance and light, by which the Prophets, who submitted themselves to Allah’s Will, judged for the Jews. And the rabbis and the priests, for to them was entrusted the protection of Allah’s Book, and they were witnesses to.” (Al-Maidah: 44)

However, human beings do have limitation. Those priests were not able to guard the Book as Allah had commanded. Therefore, there were many people who have changed, either decrease or added on to them (tawrah and injil). In consequences, everyone has consessed that the current tawrah and injil contain any doubts in term of their authenticity. One proof which shows the issue was the review about the Old and New Testament, page 67-94 which sounds more or less:

1. Injil Yahya was not included in Injil Sipotik, because the content and the history are totally diferent. Based on the belied of Christians, Injil Yahya was written by Yahya, the most beloved student of Jesus. (Yahya 13:23 and 21:20). Therefore, the Christians’ belief is the writer of Injil Yahya is Yahya bin Zabdi the brother of Yakub bin Zabdi (one of the twelfth students).

2. According to the more trustworthy historians, Yahya bin Zabdi had been killed by the King Herodes Agerippa I in the year of 44 or 66 M. Nevertheless, Injil Yahya was only written in around 100 M. Thus, there is a big possibilities that Injil was written by Yahya Prebester the priest in the Friday court in small Asia who lived in the first Century of Masehi. He wrote the Injil to go against the lessons of Corentus and Irenius. This was supported by the Encyclopedia, especially Encyclopedia Britanica which based its explanation over Papias Uskup Hieropolic. It is also applicable to the explanation by Dr. J. H. Bavink in the book of : “De Weg Van Gods Koninkrijk.” Back to the matter of Matheus, when Jesus was five years old. He wrote Injil in the year of 88 M, 55 Years before the death of Jesus. 55 years are considered a very long time for someone to memorize all happenings, especially the statement of people. From where that he knew the conversations between the shephers of Efrata with the Angels? Was he not present at the field of Efrata? Then how could he know the conversation between Maryam (Mary) and Gabriel? Was it from mouth to mouth?” (source: [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط]

Within The Quran and The Previous Books

1. To admit all the prophets of Allah

In The Quran, Allah has explained so that we believe in all the prophets that have been sent to this world, since prophet Adam till prophet Muhammad salallahu ‘alayhi wa sallam. Because all of them are pious people whom need to be respected and glorified. Allah has said:

آمَنَ الرَّسُولُ بِمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ رَبِّهِ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ كُلٌّ آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلَائِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ لَا نُفَرِّقُ بَيْنَ أَحَدٍ مِنْ رُسُلِهِ

“The Messenger believes in what has been sent down to him from his Lord, and (so do) the believers. Each one believes in Allah, His Angels, His Books, and His Messengers. (They say): We make no distinction between one another of His Messengers.” (Al-Baqarah: 285)

Therefore, in The Quran, Allah mentioned their stories. Stories about Adam, Ibrahim, Hud, Lut, Ya’qub, Yusuf, Musa, Dawud, Sulaiman, Isa, and any other prophets. However, all the lessons from the previous prophets are not applicable anymore since the presence of the last prophet, which is Prophet Muhammad sallallahu ‘alayhi wa sallam. As was being delivered by Prophet Isa to his congregation, that after his departure, there would be the prophet which was sent as the last one. Allah has mentioned about the statement of Prophet Isa:

وَإِذْ قَالَ عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ يَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ إِنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ إِلَيْكُمْ مُصَدِّقًا لِمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيَّ مِنَ التَّوْرَاةِ وَمُبَشِّرًا بِرَسُولٍ يَأْتِي مِنْ بَعْدِي اسْمُهُ أَحْمَدُ فَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ قَالُوا هَذَا سِحْرٌ مُبِينٌ

And (remember) when Isa (Jesus), son of Maryam (Mary), said: “O Children of Israel! I am the Messenger of Allah unto you, confirming the Tawrah which came before me, and giving glad tidings of a Messenger to come after me, whose name shall be Ahmad. (Muhammad). But when the Messenger came to them with clear proofs, they said: “This is plain magic.” (As-Shaf: 6)

Prophet Isa explained to his ummah, Children of Israel, to expect the presence of the last prophet, which is Muhammad. Hence, anyone who believes Muhammad, essentially has followed ‘Isa’s suggestion. Vice versa, if there is someone who is not willing to oblige to Muhammad, or even fight him, then he has abandones Isa’s instruction.

In other verse, Allah has said that all prophets have pledged to defend the last prophet which is Muhammad. Allah has said:

وَإِذْ أَخَذَ اللَّهُ مِيثَاقَ النَّبِيِّينَ لَمَا آتَيْتُكُمْ مِنْ كِتَابٍ وَحِكْمَةٍ ثُمَّ جَاءَكُمْ رَسُولٌ مُصَدِّقٌ لِمَا مَعَكُمْ لَتُؤْمِنُنَّ بِهِ وَلَتَنْصُرُنَّهُ قَالَ أَأَقْرَرْتُمْ وَأَخَذْتُمْ عَلَى ذَلِكُمْ إِصْرِي قَالُوا أَقْرَرْنَا قَالَ فَاشْهَدُوا وَأَنَا مَعَكُمْ مِنَ الشَّاهِدِينَ

And (remember) when Allah took the Covenant of the Prophets, saying: “Take whatever I gave you from the Book and Hikmah (understanding of the Laws of Allah), and afterwards there will come to you a Messenger confirming what is with you; you must, then, believe in him and help him.” Allah said: “Do you agree (to it) and will you take up My Covenant (which I conclude with you)?” They said: “We agree.” He said: “Then bear witness; and I am with you among the witnesses (for this).” (Al-Imran: 81)

Allah has also explained about the presence of the last prophet of which was mentioned in tawrah and injil. Allah has said:

الَّذِينَ يَتَّبِعُونَ الرَّسُولَ النَّبِيَّ الْأُمِّيَّ الَّذِي يَجِدُونَهُ مَكْتُوبًا عِنْدَهُمْ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ وَالْإِنْجِيلِ يَأْمُرُهُمْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَنْهَاهُمْ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَيُحِلُّ لَهُمُ الطَّيِّبَاتِ وَيُحَرِّمُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْخَبَائِثَ وَيَضَعُ عَنْهُمْ إِصْرَهُمْ وَالْأَغْلَالَ الَّتِي كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ فَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِهِ وَعَزَّرُوهُ وَنَصَرُوهُ وَاتَّبَعُوا النُّورَ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ مَعَهُ أُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ

“Those who follow the Messenger, the Prophet who can neither read nor write (whom they find written with them in the Tawrah and the Injil, he commands them for Al-Ma’ruf (i.e. Islamic Monotheism and all that Islam has ordained); and forbids them from Al-Munkar (i.e. disbelief, polytheism of all kinds, and all that Islam has forbidden); he allows them as lawful At-Tayyibat (i.e. all good and lawful as regards things, deeds, beliefs, persons, foods), and prohibits them as unlawful Al-Khaba’ith (i.e. all evil and unlawful as regards things, deeds, beliefs, persons and foods), he releases them from their heavy burdens (of Allah’s Covenant with the children of Israel), and from the fetters (bindings) that were upon them. So those who believe in him, honour him, help him, and follow the light (the Quran) which has been sent down with him, it is they who will be successful.” (Al-A’raf: 157)

2. To admit that tawrah is the revelation of Allah

Other than telling about the prophets before prophet Muhammad, The Quran also admitted the authenticity and accuracy of the previous books. Allah has praised those books in The Quran, as Allah has said:

وَقَفَّيْنَا عَلَى آثَارِهِمْ بِعِيسَى ابْنِ مَرْيَمَ مُصَدِّقًا لِمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ مِنَ التَّوْرَاةِ وَآتَيْنَاهُ الْإِنْجِيلَ فِيهِ هُدًى وَنُورٌ وَمُصَدِّقًا لِمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ مِنَ التَّوْرَاةِ وَهُدًى وَمَوْعِظَةً لِلْمُتَّقِينَ

“And in their footsteps, We sent Isa (Jesus), son of Maryam (Mary), confirming the tawrah that had come before him, and We gave him the injil, in which was guidance and light and confirmation of the tawrah that had come before it, a guidance and an admonition for Al-Muttaqun.” (Al-Maidah: 46)

However, those books which were descended before The Quran were no longer available after Allah had sent The Quran. This is because the revelation of The Quran means all sharia are suited to The Quran. Allah has mentioned:

وَأَنْزَلْنَا إِلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ بِالْحَقِّ مُصَدِّقاً لِمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ وَمُهَيْمِناً عَلَيْهِ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ وَلَا تَتَّبِعْ أَهْوَاءَهُمْ عَمَّا جَاءَكَ مِنَ الْحَقِّ لِكُلٍّ جَعَلْنَا مِنْكُمْ شِرْعَةً وَمِنْهَاجًا

“And We have sent down to you the Book (this Quran) in truth, confirming the Scripture that came before it and Muhaymin (trustworthy in highness and a witness) over it (old Scriptures). So judge among them by what Allâh has revealed, and follow not their vain desires, diverging away from the truth that has come to you. To each among you, We have prescribed a law and a clear way. If Allâh had willed, He would have made you one nation, but that (He) may test you in what He has given you; so compete in good deeds. The return of you (all) is to Allâh; then He will inform you about that in which you used to differ.” (Al-Maidah: 48)

This is where The Quran is being set as the standard of the truth. The Quran admits that tawrah and injil are the revelation from Allah which were sent down to Musa and Isa ‘alayhimas salam (Jesus), but since the revelation of The Quran, the rulings in tawrah and injil are no longer applicable. In addition, there have been so much changes in tawrah and injil, those are either elimination of their content or even augmentation of them.