Saladin was born in Tikrit, Iraq. His personal name was "Yusuf"; "Salah ad-Din" is a laqab, a descriptive epithet, meaning "Righteousness of the Faith." His family was of Kurdish background and ancestry, and had originated from the village of Ajdanakan near the city of Dvin, in medieval Armenia. In 1132, the defeated army of the Lord of Mosul, Imad ad-Din Zengi, found their retreat blocked by the Tigris opposite the Tikrit fortress where Saladin's father, Najm ad-Din Ayyub was warden. Ayyub provided ferries for the army and gave them refuge in Tikrit. Mujahed al-Din Bihruz, a former greek slave who had been appointed the military governor of northern Mesopotamia for his service to the Seljuks had reprimanded Ayyub for giving Zengi refuge and in 1137, he banished Ayyub from Tikrit after his brother Asad al-Din Shirkuh killed a friend of Bihruz in an honour killing. According to Baha ad-Din ibn Shaddad, Saladin was born the same night his family left Tikrit. In 1139, Ayyub and his family moved to Mosul where Imad ad-Din Zengi acknowledged his debt and appointed Ayyub commander of his fortress in Baalbek. After the death of Zengi in 1146, his son, Nur ad-Din, became the regent of Aleppo and the leader of the Zengids.
Saladin, who now lived in Damascus, was reported to have a particular fondness of the city, but information on his early childhood is scarce. About education, Saladin wrote "children are brought up in the way in which their elders were brought up." According to one of his biographers, al-Wahrani, Saladin was able to answer questions on Euclid, the Almagest, arithmetic, and law, but this was an academic ideal and it was study of the Qur'an and the "sciences of religion" that linked him to his contemporaries. Several sources claim that during his studies he was more interested in religion than joining the military. Another factor which may have affected his interest in religion was that during the First Crusade, Jerusalem was taken in a surprise attack by the Christians. In addition to Islam, Saladin had a knowledge of the genealogies, biographies, and histories of the Arabs, as well as the bloodlines of Arabian horses. More significantly, he knew the Hamasah of Abu Tammam by heart.
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Selahaddin Yusuf bin Eyyub (Arapça: صلاح الدين الأيوبي, tam adı: الملك الناصر ابو المظفّر صلاح الدين يوسف ابن ايّوب; el-Malik el-Nāṣir Ebū el-Muẓaffar Ṣaliḥ el-Dīn Yusūf İbn Eyyūb), (1138, Tikrit - 4 Mart 1193, Şam), Mısır ve Suriye sultanı, Eyyubi hanedanının kurucusu olan, etnik kökeni tartışmalı (çeşitli kaynaklara göre Arap, Kürt veya Türk kökenli) lider. Hıttin Muharebesi ile 2 Ekim 1187'de Kudüs'ü Haçlı kuvvetlerinden alarak kentte 88 yıl süren Hıristiyan egemenliğine son vermiş, akabinde Hıristiyanların düzenledikleri III. Haçlı Seferi'ni etkisiz hale getirmiştir. En güçlü olduğu dönemde Mısır, Suriye, Irak, Hicaz ve Yemen egemenliği altındadır. Irak'taki Selahaddin ili ve Selahaddin Kartalı da onun adını taşımaktadır.
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Салах ад-Дын Юсуф ібн Аюб (па-арабску: صلاح الدين يوسف ابن ايوب, ІРА: [sˁalа:ħ ud̪:і:n ju:suf ibn aj:u:b]; курд.: سهلاحهدین ئهیوبی, Selah’edînê Eyubî; 1138, Тыкрыт, сучасны Ірак — 4 сакавіка 1193, Дамаск, сучасная Сырыя) — султан Сырыі і Эгіпту, правадыр мусульманскага супраціву Трэцяму крыжоваму паходу ў Леванце, заснавальнік дынастыі Аюбідаў, якая ў пэрыяд свайго росквіту правіла, апроч Сырыі і Эгіпту, Іракам, Хіджазам і Емэнам.
Пад ягоным лідэрствам войскі разграмілі крыжакоў у бітве пры Гітыне, вярнуўшы такім чынам пад свой кантроль Палістыну якая за 88 гадоў да гэтага была захоплена крыжакамі ў Фатымідаў. Нягледзячы на тое, што крыжацкае Ерусалімскае каралеўства працягвала існаваць, гэтая бітва сталася паваротнай кропкай у канфлікце. Такім чынам, Саладын зьяўляецца бачным дзеячам культуры курдзкай, арабскай і мусульманскай культураў. Саладын быў строгім прыхільнікам ісламу суніцкага толку. Ягоныя рыцарскія паводзіны былі адзначаны хрысьціянскімі летапісцамі, асабліва ягоныя паводзіны праявіліся пры аблозе Керака й, нягледзячы на варожасьць крыжакоў, ён заваяваў павагу шматлікіх зь іх, уключаючы Рычарда Ільвінае Сэрца, стаўшы знакамітым прыкладам рыцарства.
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Al-Malik an-Nâsir Salâh ad-Dîn Yûsuf1, ou Saladin (Tikrit, 1138 ; Damas, 4 mars 1193)2 est le premier dirigeant de la dynastie ayyoubide, qui a régné en Égypte de 1169 à 1250 et en Syrie de 1174 à 1260. Lui-même dirige l’Égypte de 1169 à 1193, Damas de 1174 à 1193 et Alep de 1183 à 1193. Son nom, an-Nâsir, signifie « celui qui reçoit la victoire de Dieu » et Saladin signifie la « rectitude de la Foi ». Il est connu pour avoir été le principal adversaire des Francs installés durant le dernier tiers du xiie siècle et l’artisan de la reconquête de Jérusalem par les musulmans en 1187.
السبت سبتمبر 01, 2012 8:16 pm